3 Things That Could Go Wrong

This report evaluates three primary security concerns related to Ethereum’s Merge: (1) ChainID replay attacks that could allow transactions on a forked chain to be rebroadcast on mainnet (largely mitigated after ETHW selected a unique ChainID, with residual risk from cached domain separators), (2) the risk that clients/validators fail to reach finality during the transition (low likelihood but high attention during the critical merge window), and (3) long-term recentralization and censorship risks introduced by Proof-of-Stake validator concentration and potential pressure on major staking providers.