What is a DDoS Attack? How Can it Affect Crypto?

This report summarizes Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks — their types (volumetric, TCP connection, fragmentation, application-level), common detection signs, typical targets (e-commerce, exchanges), and mitigation strategies; it also describes how DDoS/BDoS affects blockchain ecosystems and cites example incidents (EXMO, Solana, Arbitrum) while recommending capacity planning and monitoring as defenses.