Gas Optimization in Ethereum Smart Contracts: 10 Best Practices

This CertiK-authored guide explains the EVM gas mechanism and provides concise best-practice recommendations for reducing gas costs in Solidity smart contracts — including minimizing storage usage, variable packing, choosing appropriate data types, preferring calldata over memory, using constants/immutables, leveraging unchecked where safe, modifier refactoring, precompiled contracts, in-line assembly, Layer 2 solutions, and optimization tools — while warning that optimizations must not undermine contract security.