Russia conducting daily attacks on UK 'from seabed to cyberspace,' spy chief warns

**Executive summary:** GCHQ director Anne Keast-Butler warned that Russia is conducting daily hybrid attacks spanning the seabed to cyberspace that target critical infrastructure, democratic processes and supply chains; the agency has tracked and disrupted a submarine operation near seabed infrastructure and reported arrests of remotely directed saboteurs, while outlining responses including offensive cyber operations, AI-enabled defence planning, and calls for allies and businesses to urgently harden systems and prepare for quantum and AI-era risks.