Take two APIs and call me in the morning: How healthcare research can cure cyber crime

This opinion article explores ARPA-H’s UPGRADE program as a “digital immunology” approach to healthcare cybersecurity, aiming to automate vulnerability detection, patching, and testing via digital twins. It highlights major challenges—such as the lack of common patch APIs, opaque devices that resist mirroring, and complexity in modeling dynamic environments—and argues that open-source collaboration could drive co-evolution toward more secure, automated defenses with benefits extending beyond the health sector.