America’s allies are shifting: Cyberspace is about persistence, not deterrence

The report explains a growing international shift—led by the U.S. and echoed by allies such as the U.K., the Netherlands, Japan, Canada, and NATO—toward a doctrine of "cyber persistence": proactive, forward-leaning operations to find, disrupt, and mitigate cyber vulnerabilities and malicious actors before they can cause strategic harm. It highlights recent U.S. strategies, allied policy updates, operational practices like Hunt Forward and law-enforcement takedowns, and argues that continuous campaigning can bolster security and a form of deterrence distinct from traditional military deterrence.