MCP Tools: Attack Vectors and Defense Recommendations for Autonomous Agents

This report analyzes security risks in the Model Context Protocol (MCP) ecosystem, documenting how MCP tools and their metadata can be abused via prompt injection, tool poisoning, name-collision/rug-pull redefinitions, orchestration injection, and traditional code vulnerabilities (e.g., command injection). It presents examples and PoCs—some referencing disclosed CVEs—demonstrating potential data exfiltration, remote code execution, and privilege escalation, and concludes with detection ideas and mitigation guidance (sandboxing, least privilege, approval flows, auditing).