Brute-Force Attack

This document is an explanatory briefing on brute-force attacks: it defines the technique, enumerates common variants (knowledge-based, dictionary, credential stuffing, reverse brute-force, hybrid, password spraying, offline hash cracking), describes typical attacker steps and factors that make these attacks effective, and lists layered defensive controls including strong passwords, MFA, account lockout/rate limiting, CAPTCHA, IP controls, monitoring, zero trust, and endpoint security.