Inside Russia’s Camera-Hacking Espionage Campaign

**Executive summary:** Dutch intelligence and Censys analysis describe a Russian state-linked campaign compromising Internet-connected cameras across the Netherlands, EU/NATO countries, and Ukraine to collect imagery for military reconnaissance; Censys estimates more than 87,000 potentially exploitable cameras (including specific CVEs like CVE-2016-7407 and CVE-2021-39275) and recommends inventorying exposed devices, applying firmware updates, enforcing strong access controls, limiting camera field-of-view, and using attack-surface monitoring to detect vulnerable hosts.