How to Identify a Cyber Adversary: What to Look For

This commentary presents a practical framework for cyber-incident attribution, emphasizing victimology, tool categorization, dwell time, attacker infrastructure, and TTP implementation, alongside evaluating evidence fidelity and intelligence gaps. It cautions against hasty attribution and false-flag pitfalls, advocating for whole-of-government and private-sector collaboration and the formalization of attribution tradecraft to improve accuracy and resilience.