2025 Was a Wake-up Call to Protect Human Decisions, Not Just Systems

The report reviews major 2025 incidents — ransomware disruptions at Change Healthcare and Ascension, a global CrowdStrike platform outage, and widespread identity/access failures — arguing that the primary harm arose from degraded human decision-making and loss of data trust rather than purely technical sophistication; it recommends identity-first resilience, emergency access controls, data confidence indicators, staged update isolation, out-of-band verification, and post-incident access revalidation to preserve decision integrity during crises.