EU Sanctions Companies in China, Iran for Cyberattacks

The European Council has sanctioned two Chinese firms (Integrity Technology Group and the hack-for-hire iSoon) and one Iranian firm (Emennet Pasargad) for supporting state-linked cyber operations across Europe, including the compromise of an estimated 65,000 devices, a data-leak attack, and Olympic-era disinformation; the piece also explains how states leverage private companies for cyber operations and evaluates the practical effects of sanctions.