Nigeria & Romania Ranked Among Top Cybercrime Havens

**Executive summary:** An academic World Cybercrime Index (WCI) study, based on a 2021 survey of 92 experts, ranks countries across five cybercrime categories (technical products/services; attacks/extortion; data/identity theft; scams; cashing out) and finds Russia, Ukraine, China, and the USA at the top while noting surprises such as Nigeria (leading in scams), Romania, and Brazil; the report explains methodology and limitations and offers policy-focused implications but provides little operationally actionable intelligence for defenders.