FBI Seizes NetNut Proxy Platform, Popa Botnet

### Executive Summary The FBI and IRS, assisted by industry partners including Google, seized hundreds of domains linked to NetNut (Alarum Technologies) and the Popa botnet — a large residential proxy network that turned millions of consumer devices (smart TVs, streaming boxes) into always-on proxy nodes. The infrastructure was widely resold and used by cybercriminals and observed in espionage activity for mass scraping, advertising fraud, account takeover, and to facilitate DDoS; Google and other providers have disrupted operations but warn the ecosystem can reconstitute via reselling and white-labeling.