What Is a Spoofing Attack? Definition and Examples

**Executive Summary:** This document provides a concise overview of spoofing attacks—techniques that impersonate people, devices, or services (caller ID, text, email, IP, website) to steal data or deploy malware—and highlights AI-enhanced spoofing (deepfake audio/video and AI-crafted phishing) along with practical defenses including packet filtering, multi-factor/device authentication, VPNs encryption, access controls, anti-spoofing tools, and security awareness training.