Fake fact-checking: when facts are fiction and falsehoods are facts

This report examines Kremlin-backed disinformation activities, detailing how Russian actors have established bogus fact-checking organisations—most recently the so-called Global Fact-Checking Network—to spread pro-Kremlin narratives, deny atrocities (e.g., Bucha), and undermine legitimate journalism; it highlights personnel, coordination with state channels, and the low audience reach of these operations.