State Digital Surveillance Risk Landscape

This report surveys global state and commercial digital surveillance methods—network interception (SORM, lawful intercept), DPI/firewall systems, endpoint compromise via commercial spyware and bespoke malware, platform-level data requests and national messengers, public-space surveillance (Safe City, facial recognition, IMSI-catchers), and data aggregation (national ID and biometric databases)—documenting active deployments, misuse against civil society and travelers, and proposed mitigations for different country risk tiers.