EV batteries as grid infrastructure and the security risk that follows 

As bidirectional EV charging (V2H/V2G) approaches scale in the UK, this analysis warns that previously observed vulnerabilities in connected EV chargers—enabling remote mass on/off switching—could be amplified, doubling grid-impact by toggling charge and discharge and potentially draining vehicle batteries. Given EVs’ large aggregate storage and influence on grid stability, the report urges secure-by-design implementations, strong defaults, and rigorous vulnerability handling in line with ETSI EN 303 645, the EU Cyber Resilience Act, and the UK Smart Charge Points regulations.