AI is speeding up nation-state cyber programs

Kaja Ciglic (Microsoft) explains how nation-state cyber programs have evolved from specialist capabilities into core instruments of state power, integrated with military, economic, and diplomatic tools; she highlights automation and AI-enabled scaling, North Korea’s use of cybercrime for sanctions evasion, limits of sanctions/indictments alone, the need for conditional and reversible consequences, and the importance of pre-established government–private sector coordination and trust to improve collective cyber resilience.