European govt air-gapped systems breached using custom malware

ESET documents that the GoldenJackal APT successfully breached air-gapped government and diplomatic systems across multiple confirmed incidents (2019, 2021, 2022–2024) using USB-propagated custom malware families (e.g., GoldenDealer, GoldenHowl, GoldenRobo, GoldenAce, GoldenUsbGo) to collect and exfiltrate sensitive files, encryption keys, and emails; the report describes the infection/exfiltration chain, modular toolsets, and points to a published IoC repository.