Quantum-safe security: Progress towards next-generation cryptography

Microsoft outlines its Quantum Safe Program, a multi-year strategy to transition Microsoft and its ecosystem to post-quantum cryptography (PQC), aligning with global government timelines and standards bodies (NIST, IETF, ISO, ETSI, OCP). The roadmap includes foundational integration of PQC algorithms (ML-KEM, ML-DSA) into SymCrypt and Windows CNG, enabling hybrid TLS key exchange to counter Harvest Now, Decrypt Later risks, and a phased rollout across core infrastructure and all services. Microsoft targets early PQC adoption by 2029 and full transition by 2033, while providing tooling, guidance, and open-source contributions to support customers and partners.