Going beyond 'shift left': Why shared responsibility is key to risk management

This report critiques the tool-centric interpretation of “shift left” in application security, highlighting unrealistic expectations around eliminating vulnerabilities and cost savings, and argues that modern CI/CD realities demand full-lifecycle AppSec. Drawing on expert perspectives, it emphasizes shared responsibility, early but continuous security involvement, developer enablement, and operational security after release to address runtime issues, dependency risks, and ongoing vulnerabilities.