How CVSS v4.0 works: characterizing and scoring vulnerabilities

This article explains how CVSS works and highlights major updates in CVSS v4.0, including expanded metric groups (base, new threat, and supplemental), refined definitions (e.g., Attack Requirements, Privileges Required, User Interaction), and improved flexibility for industry-specific tailoring and real-world exploitation context. It outlines the scoring process, provides a brief example, and emphasizes the benefits of standardized, actionable vulnerability prioritization for better risk management.