Middle East Cybersecurity 2024: Challenges Ahead

**Executive summary:** In 2024 the Middle East experienced an escalation of cyberattacks driven by rapid weaponization of zero-day vulnerabilities, active ransomware and wiper campaigns, and supply‑chain compromises that targeted government, critical infrastructure, and telecom sectors; the report documents real-world exploitation of specific CVEs, named malware (TellYouThePass, BiBi Wiper), and significant credential exposures, and recommends accelerated patching, AI-driven defenses, stronger supply-chain security, and enhanced regional collaboration.