How Operational Technology Is Exposed to Cyber Threats

This ReliaQuest report provides a strategic overview of threats to Operational Technology (OT), highlighting nation-state APTs (China- and Russia-linked groups such as Volt Typhoon and Sandworm), financially motivated ransomware and extortion risks, hacktivist and insider threats, historical disruptive malware (Stuxnet, Industroyer, BlackEnergy), a realistic MITRE-mapped OT attack chain, and prioritized mitigations including MFA, network segmentation, logging/EDR coverage, vulnerability management, and limiting OT internet exposure.