The OWASP Top 10 for LLM Applications (2025): Explained Simply

*Executive summary:* This article summarizes the OWASP Top 10 for LLM Applications (2025), describing ten categories of risk for systems built with large language models—including prompt injection, sensitive information disclosure, supply chain and model poisoning, improper output handling, excessive agency and system prompt leakage, vector/embedding weaknesses, misinformation, and unbounded consumption—and recommends defense-in-depth controls such as input/output validation, least-privilege access, verified supply chains, monitoring, and human-in-the-loop for high-impact actions.