Geofence Warrants and Artificial Intelligence – What Happens When Robots Enforce the 4th Amendment?

The article analyzes the Fourth Amendment challenges posed by geofence warrants and emerging AI-assisted search warrants, contrasting them with precedent like Smith v. Maryland and Carpenter v. United States. It explains geofence mechanics, the hybrid nature of warrants that compel providers to search their databases, and the tension between accuracy and specificity; it argues AI could both narrow searches and amplify intrusions through probabilistic inferences, and recommends judicial safeguards (narrow boundaries, short windows, staged disclosure, minimization) while warning against reintroducing general warrants under technological guises.