How are NHIs supported in complex IT architectures

**Executive Summary:** This article outlines the role and management of non-human identities (NHIs)/machine identities in complex IT architectures, recommending a holistic lifecycle approach—discovery, classification, access policy enforcement, continuous monitoring, credential rotation, and decommissioning—plus automation, adaptive monitoring, SOC integration, and ongoing training to reduce risk, improve compliance, and increase operational efficiency in cloud and enterprise environments.